1 ........ I didn't really enjoy the course, but after a while I really started to enjoy it.
In the beginning
2 ........ of the film the main character arrives in town looking for somewhere to stay.
At the beginning
3 We waited ages for a bus. ........ we decided to walk home.
Eventually
4 The audience waited patiently for the delayed performance to start. ........ the curtain rose.
At last
5 I waited for you ........ 10.00. I finally decided you weren't coming.
until
6 I managed to get the house tidy ........ my parents got home.
before
7 ........ had I gone to bed than I heard the phone ring.
Hardly
8 I played a lot of tennis ........ I was on holiday.
while
Sunday 7 September 2008
Cause and Result
1. The accident happened because of terrible weather.
The accident ........ bad weather. (RESULT)
was the result of
happened as a result of
2.The train was cancelled so I missed my appointment.
........ the cancellation I missed my appointment. (CONSEQUENCE)
As a consequence of
3. They decided to buy a new car because of the problems they were having with their old one.
They decided to buy a new car ........ problems with their old one. (SINCE)
since they had been having
4. We were unable to contact you as communications were so poor.
We couldn't contact you ........ communications were so poor. (OWING)
owing to the fact that
5. You have been late every morning this week so we have deducted the lost time from your wages.
We have deducted money from your wages ........ you have been late every morning this week. (DUE)
due to the fact that
6. I was sent home from school because I was feeling sick.
The student was sent home ........ the fact that he was feeling sick. (ACCOUNT)
on account of
7. It was too far to walk so we caught the bus.
We got the bus as ........ to walk. (ENOUGH)
it was not near enough
8. The film was so boring that we decided to leave early.
........ we decided to leave early. (SUCH)
It was such a boring film
The accident ........ bad weather. (RESULT)
was the result of
happened as a result of
2.The train was cancelled so I missed my appointment.
........ the cancellation I missed my appointment. (CONSEQUENCE)
As a consequence of
3. They decided to buy a new car because of the problems they were having with their old one.
They decided to buy a new car ........ problems with their old one. (SINCE)
since they had been having
4. We were unable to contact you as communications were so poor.
We couldn't contact you ........ communications were so poor. (OWING)
owing to the fact that
5. You have been late every morning this week so we have deducted the lost time from your wages.
We have deducted money from your wages ........ you have been late every morning this week. (DUE)
due to the fact that
6. I was sent home from school because I was feeling sick.
The student was sent home ........ the fact that he was feeling sick. (ACCOUNT)
on account of
7. It was too far to walk so we caught the bus.
We got the bus as ........ to walk. (ENOUGH)
it was not near enough
8. The film was so boring that we decided to leave early.
........ we decided to leave early. (SUCH)
It was such a boring film
Addition
1 I overslept this morning. ........ , my car ran out of petrol on the way to work.
Not only that
2 The report is expected to be critical of the industry. ........, it is likely to recommend extensive changes to production.
Furthermore
3 The witness claims to have seen the suspect at the scene of the crime. ........, the police are in possession of video evidence of the man entering the building.
Moreover
4 ........ the wonderful main meal we also had a delicious pudding.
Besides
5 If you're going into town could you get me some shampoo? ........, we need some more bread.
Also
6 Payments to your account have fallen behind considerably. ........, on several occasions your credit limit has been exceeded.
Moreover
7 It was a brilliant game. ........, we didn't have to pay to get in!
What's more
8 The meeting concluded without any agreement being reached. ........, several further issues arose.
In addition
Not only that
2 The report is expected to be critical of the industry. ........, it is likely to recommend extensive changes to production.
Furthermore
3 The witness claims to have seen the suspect at the scene of the crime. ........, the police are in possession of video evidence of the man entering the building.
Moreover
4 ........ the wonderful main meal we also had a delicious pudding.
Besides
5 If you're going into town could you get me some shampoo? ........, we need some more bread.
Also
6 Payments to your account have fallen behind considerably. ........, on several occasions your credit limit has been exceeded.
Moreover
7 It was a brilliant game. ........, we didn't have to pay to get in!
What's more
8 The meeting concluded without any agreement being reached. ........, several further issues arose.
In addition
contrast
1 The team haven't been playing too well. ......, they are expected to win this afternoon.
Nevertheless
2 ........ in nearly every country in the world they drive on the right, in England they insist on driving on the left.
While
3 ........ to the north, which will remain warm and sunny, the south will become cloudy during the early morning.
In contrast
4 He couldn't get the machine to work ........ following the instructions carefully.
despite
5 I'm not tired at all. ........, I'm feeling full of energy.
On the contrary
6 ........ the computer had recently been repaired, it still kept crashing.
Although
7 I know we agreed to raise the issue at the next meeting ........ we simply won't have the time to discuss it.
but
8 The man was arrested ........ claiming to have been nowhere near the scene of the crime.
in spite of
Nevertheless
2 ........ in nearly every country in the world they drive on the right, in England they insist on driving on the left.
While
3 ........ to the north, which will remain warm and sunny, the south will become cloudy during the early morning.
In contrast
4 He couldn't get the machine to work ........ following the instructions carefully.
despite
5 I'm not tired at all. ........, I'm feeling full of energy.
On the contrary
6 ........ the computer had recently been repaired, it still kept crashing.
Although
7 I know we agreed to raise the issue at the next meeting ........ we simply won't have the time to discuss it.
but
8 The man was arrested ........ claiming to have been nowhere near the scene of the crime.
in spite of
Gerund - Infinitive
1. It's obvious he's only interested in (make) __making____________ money.
2. Anne couldn't find a taxi so I offered (drive) ___driving_____________ her to the station.
3. I managed (book) ____booking____________ two seats on the morning flight
4. I promise (send) ___sending____________ you our new brochure as soon as it's available.
5. Peter was delighted (meet) ___meeting____________ a former colleague at the conference.
6. I avoid (take) ___taking____________ the car whenever possible, especially in big cities.
7. We finished the job by (work) ___working____________ 12 hours a day.
8. Bob sent a report to the Chairman instead of (attend) ___attending____________ the meeting.
9. A lot of people dislike (drive) __driving_____________ at night.
10. I intend (speak) ___speaking____________ to my boss about your complaint
2. Anne couldn't find a taxi so I offered (drive) ___driving_____________ her to the station.
3. I managed (book) ____booking____________ two seats on the morning flight
4. I promise (send) ___sending____________ you our new brochure as soon as it's available.
5. Peter was delighted (meet) ___meeting____________ a former colleague at the conference.
6. I avoid (take) ___taking____________ the car whenever possible, especially in big cities.
7. We finished the job by (work) ___working____________ 12 hours a day.
8. Bob sent a report to the Chairman instead of (attend) ___attending____________ the meeting.
9. A lot of people dislike (drive) __driving_____________ at night.
10. I intend (speak) ___speaking____________ to my boss about your complaint
Friday 5 September 2008
Globalisation (final)
Many people believe that globalisation brings many impact in different aspects in life and has become a major issue around the world. It seems almost inevitable; because some people want to change the word in their own way of thinking which sometimes they think it is right way to do. According to Peter joseph, the director from “Zeitgeist the movie” in 2007 the entire world is a stage. There might be someone behind the curtain who controls this global issue. He also claims 9/11 was to create produce crowd fear, maybe instigate and give good reason for war, and certainly for economic gain. It also will bring poverty and inequality. Therefore globalisation processes involve a lot of conflicts and discrepancy, which generates contradictory expectations (Modelsky et al. 1999). However, sometimes people see globalization as improvement, development and a solution to their economical problems especially to them who live in developed countries. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages that will cost from globalisation in different especially in my area of study. How it is going to create new economic and cultural zones within and across nations.
A lot of countries in tribute their share especially on industries in the international market. According to Simon Jeffery (2002) globalisation makes people easier to do their job in business, or running financial markets. In facts, the world getting smaller because of globalisation, it makes the world work as one big village. Globalisation brings big impacts to this world and it is not just within economics, but also almost in every aspect such as in social life, technological, political and cultural structures. For instance a place like Koh Samui in Thailand is a place holidaymakers and tourists used to visit to soak up the local eastern culture and basic lifestyle. Now within the main draw running through the town you have Tesco supermarkets, Burger King and Mcdonald fast food stores. This is a perfect example of “westernisation” or better known today as “globalisation”. If this is not controlled, a similar case will appear throughout the world.
In the last past ten years it is generally agreed that international trade has been a generator in the world economy. It will gather different type of people and organisation that have dissimilar values and helps developing countries to promote and sell their products to a bigger company from another country. For example, the local people found diamonds in South Africa. Diamond dealers from that country buy the diamond and look for someone or another company who wants to buy their product. A diamond company from the US brought the diamond and took it to Germany to do a process of cutting and polishing. Germany is known as a first country that found a way to cut and polish diamonds and led to the development of various types of cut. After that, they delivered the diamond to a jewellery shop in Hong kong to design and build it. Finally the diamond company from the US sells the diamond necklace to a famous jewellery shop in UK. This situation seems will bring a positive effect to lots of people or companies. On the other hand, this situation is not fair to the man who found the diamond in the first place because usually this diamond dealer buys it at a very low price or this is not fair to the diamond dealer because the bigger company from US also buy the diamond lower than the price in the market and so forth. According to Barak D. Richman (2006), this situation has brought a big changes in the diamond industry and the profitability of global branding campaigns has enabled big companies to implement a vertically integrated business strategy that skips the middleman and sells directly to consumers.
From the example that given in the previous paragraph, it is clear that globalisation brings impacts in the jewellery industry regarding on the first issues that concern on the global trade. It strikes in every aspect such as the market size, demand determinants, domestic, international markets and also in design. The market size gives the size of the market inside the country and the size of the export market. The demand determinants show the rise or fall of the demand in the market. The domestic and international markets describe the market for the products and services. It helps to calculate the domestic market and the quantity accounted for by imports and exports and trends in the levels of imports and exports. "In so many ways, we in the jewellery business are prime beneficiaries of globalisation. The increasing ability to move capital, products, people and information over huge distances in very short periods of time, has opened markets and provided us access to improved rough supply and manufacturing capacity.” Gaetano Cavalieri stated in the CIBJO congress in the year of 2008.
Looking it from another aspect, which is design. Globalisation can create a negative effect because it erases the true cultural identity. Nowadays it is difficult to find original traditional jewellery in a big store, it is difficult to tell from which country the jewellery belongs to. Shigeru Uchida (1996) argues that many people do not have a strong believe in their culture anymore. However, these is will bring a positive effect in business because the market only look in one direction which is western. For another example, people in Papua New Guinea appear to dress in tattered rags but now their traditional dress has been replaced by one of the most produced wares of the west — T-shirt. Thanks to the spread of satellite TV, international media networks and Internet technology, it is easier to judge what the market wants and for designers to do research for the latest information in fashion.
In conclusion, globalisation can be seen as a benefit or else brings damage to this world. In my case, which is jewellery, globalisation brings more advantages rather than disadvantages. According Eric Zapel (2002), through globalisation the designers offers to do a dynamics changing into the fashion world’s. Nowadays, they are free to mix a culture into one peace of design and find a right influence to their creation. The most powerful benefit is international trade, and the manufacturing of goods sometimes carried out in developing countries. These can offer benefits to the country by creating jobs and with these local businesses this can enlarge their profits. This can also introduce and teach new skills and knowledge from the companies that use their export. These way countries can battle more productively with their newfound developed economies. Globalisation can bring much benefit to the world if we drive it in the right way.
References:
CIBJO Congress 2008, 14-16 April 2008 – Dubai. [onlne] < http://congress2008.cibjo.org/>
Giddens, A. (1999). Runaway world. Reith lectures for BBC, viewed 20 august 2008, < http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/events/reith_99/>
Jeffery, S. (2002). What is globalisation?. Article for guardian, viewed 28 august 2008, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/oct/31/globalisation.simonjeffery
Jewellery and Watch Wholesaling in Australia-industry report, Ibisworld, 17 July 2008
Joseph, P. (2007). Zeitgeist, the movie. a documentary film, GMP LLC. (accesed 26 july 2008)
Richman, B. D. (2006). Ethnic Networks, Extralegal Certainty, and Globalisation: Peering into the Diamond Industry. (accesed 28 august 2008)
Uchida, S. et al. (1996). Interior Design. Architecture and Design, Vol 2. Paperback.
Where are Diamonds found?. [online]. Available from:
Zapel, E. (2005). Global Fashion Local Tradition: On the Globalisation of Fashion. Edited by Jan Brand and Jose Teunissen. The Globalist. Tera.
A lot of countries in tribute their share especially on industries in the international market. According to Simon Jeffery (2002) globalisation makes people easier to do their job in business, or running financial markets. In facts, the world getting smaller because of globalisation, it makes the world work as one big village. Globalisation brings big impacts to this world and it is not just within economics, but also almost in every aspect such as in social life, technological, political and cultural structures. For instance a place like Koh Samui in Thailand is a place holidaymakers and tourists used to visit to soak up the local eastern culture and basic lifestyle. Now within the main draw running through the town you have Tesco supermarkets, Burger King and Mcdonald fast food stores. This is a perfect example of “westernisation” or better known today as “globalisation”. If this is not controlled, a similar case will appear throughout the world.
In the last past ten years it is generally agreed that international trade has been a generator in the world economy. It will gather different type of people and organisation that have dissimilar values and helps developing countries to promote and sell their products to a bigger company from another country. For example, the local people found diamonds in South Africa. Diamond dealers from that country buy the diamond and look for someone or another company who wants to buy their product. A diamond company from the US brought the diamond and took it to Germany to do a process of cutting and polishing. Germany is known as a first country that found a way to cut and polish diamonds and led to the development of various types of cut. After that, they delivered the diamond to a jewellery shop in Hong kong to design and build it. Finally the diamond company from the US sells the diamond necklace to a famous jewellery shop in UK. This situation seems will bring a positive effect to lots of people or companies. On the other hand, this situation is not fair to the man who found the diamond in the first place because usually this diamond dealer buys it at a very low price or this is not fair to the diamond dealer because the bigger company from US also buy the diamond lower than the price in the market and so forth. According to Barak D. Richman (2006), this situation has brought a big changes in the diamond industry and the profitability of global branding campaigns has enabled big companies to implement a vertically integrated business strategy that skips the middleman and sells directly to consumers.
From the example that given in the previous paragraph, it is clear that globalisation brings impacts in the jewellery industry regarding on the first issues that concern on the global trade. It strikes in every aspect such as the market size, demand determinants, domestic, international markets and also in design. The market size gives the size of the market inside the country and the size of the export market. The demand determinants show the rise or fall of the demand in the market. The domestic and international markets describe the market for the products and services. It helps to calculate the domestic market and the quantity accounted for by imports and exports and trends in the levels of imports and exports. "In so many ways, we in the jewellery business are prime beneficiaries of globalisation. The increasing ability to move capital, products, people and information over huge distances in very short periods of time, has opened markets and provided us access to improved rough supply and manufacturing capacity.” Gaetano Cavalieri stated in the CIBJO congress in the year of 2008.
Looking it from another aspect, which is design. Globalisation can create a negative effect because it erases the true cultural identity. Nowadays it is difficult to find original traditional jewellery in a big store, it is difficult to tell from which country the jewellery belongs to. Shigeru Uchida (1996) argues that many people do not have a strong believe in their culture anymore. However, these is will bring a positive effect in business because the market only look in one direction which is western. For another example, people in Papua New Guinea appear to dress in tattered rags but now their traditional dress has been replaced by one of the most produced wares of the west — T-shirt. Thanks to the spread of satellite TV, international media networks and Internet technology, it is easier to judge what the market wants and for designers to do research for the latest information in fashion.
In conclusion, globalisation can be seen as a benefit or else brings damage to this world. In my case, which is jewellery, globalisation brings more advantages rather than disadvantages. According Eric Zapel (2002), through globalisation the designers offers to do a dynamics changing into the fashion world’s. Nowadays, they are free to mix a culture into one peace of design and find a right influence to their creation. The most powerful benefit is international trade, and the manufacturing of goods sometimes carried out in developing countries. These can offer benefits to the country by creating jobs and with these local businesses this can enlarge their profits. This can also introduce and teach new skills and knowledge from the companies that use their export. These way countries can battle more productively with their newfound developed economies. Globalisation can bring much benefit to the world if we drive it in the right way.
References:
CIBJO Congress 2008, 14-16 April 2008 – Dubai. [onlne] < http://congress2008.cibjo.org/>
Giddens, A. (1999). Runaway world. Reith lectures for BBC, viewed 20 august 2008, < http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/events/reith_99/>
Jeffery, S. (2002). What is globalisation?. Article for guardian, viewed 28 august 2008, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2002/oct/31/globalisation.simonjeffery
Jewellery and Watch Wholesaling in Australia-industry report, Ibisworld, 17 July 2008
Joseph, P. (2007). Zeitgeist, the movie. a documentary film, GMP LLC. (accesed 26 july 2008)
Richman, B. D. (2006). Ethnic Networks, Extralegal Certainty, and Globalisation: Peering into the Diamond Industry. (accesed 28 august 2008)
Uchida, S. et al. (1996). Interior Design. Architecture and Design, Vol 2. Paperback.
Where are Diamonds found?. [online]. Available from:
Zapel, E. (2005). Global Fashion Local Tradition: On the Globalisation of Fashion. Edited by Jan Brand and Jose Teunissen. The Globalist. Tera.
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